Appendix 1. Blockchain Trilemma
The fact that blockchain as computer technology is novel, it’s exposed to a number of developmental diseases that hinder its adoption. Vitalik Buterin, the co-founder of Ethereum, a blockchain investor, enthusiast and end evangelist, thus formulated the notorious “blockchain trilemma“, the cornerstone issue that needs to be addressed by any blockchain aiming to be a success. Basically, for a blockchain to be a success, it has to reach a trade-off between three aspects: decentralization, scalability and security (see **Figure 1**) each of which meaning this: * **Decentralization**: creating a blockchain system that does not rely on a central point of control; * **Scalability**: the ability of a blockchain system to handle an increasingly growing amount of transactions; * **Security**: the ability of a blockchain system to operate as expected, defend itself from attacks, bugs, and other unforeseen issues. 1. **Decentralization** Traditional financial services are centralized by their nature and totally rely on institutions and middlemen like central banks, tax authorities, governments, banks and non-banking financial organizations, world financial organizations, insurance companies, etc. Blockchain, as it was seen by Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder (or the group of founders) of Bitcoin, was designed to handle this peril by providing decentralized services that would be faster, less costly due to lower fees, and more transparent and secure, than conventional financial services. The trade-off of pure decentralization, however, is speed. Once you put too much weight on decentralization, which makes transactions require multiple confirmations before reaching consensus, then inherently, it would take longer than if a transaction can be confirmed by a single entity. 2\. **Scalability** This aspect is important for mass adoption, which is usually a big issue for blockchain projects due to the technical complexity of blockchain and the pretty high entrance threshold. When it comes to scalability, it’s the question of how much a blockchain system can sustain, and whether the system can operate smoothly as demand increases. The main goal here is to increase transaction throughput: the more transactions per second that can be processed in a blockchain, the faster and the more scalable it is. The downside of putting too much emphasis on scalability is excessive centralization, which curbs the originally declared mission of the blockchain technology: to reform financial services in a way that they become more decentralized. 3\. **Security** As an innovative, promising technology seeking to earn its fame by streamlining the existing infrastructure, the security of a blockchain system is paramount. Due to the transparent nature of the source code and the potentially lucrative benefits one can receive from conducting a successful attack, blockchains have become prime targets for hackers. Therefore, a blockchain must be designed in a way it can ensure transparency and security of transactions. What seems to be the problem with these three aspects is that it’s next to impossible to combine them all in a single blockchain. All in all, there are 3 extreme cases with the blockchain trilemma: 1. **A blockchain can be decentralized and secure, but it can’t be scalable.** This is exactly what happened with Bitcoin, which boasts its decentralization and consensus algorithm and is highly secure for Byzantine behavior. Using Bitcoin you can be sure of your transaction security, consistency and integrity. However, it takes 10 minutes to agree upon 1 transaction only, whereas Ripple has a throughput of 1,500 TPS and Solana has a throughput of 50,000 TPS. 2. **A blockchain can be decentralized and scalable, but it can’t be secure.** Ethereum was designed to overcome the Bitcoin scalability issue. Smart contracts helped to do it, however, Etherium is more exposed to security issues. For example: In August 2020, the ETC Blockchain — which is a fork of Ethereum — suffered three 51% attacks that reorganized more than 4,000 blocks. This allowed the perpetrators to manipulate data and double-spend its ETC currency, resulting in the loss of millions of dollars in value on the network. 3\. **A blockchain can be scalable and secure, but it can’t be decentralized.** A typical example of this can be a private blockchain that is not intended to allow more participants since it is governed/managed by a single group or organization. The internet swarms with no-name blockchains that exist only for their own sake and purpose. However, they aren’t likely to live up to be a stable platform for decentralized organizations like DAOs or DEFIs. In reality, most blockchains rarely follow these extreme cases and find their own way of solving the blockchain trilemma. However, the answer is where to find the right balance is a key to designing the architecture and other technical solutions for blockchain projects. The desire to solve the blockchain trilemma gave rise to Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchains. Though we speak about the blockchain trilemma, the aforementioned issues are not the only ones that blockchain technology has to tackle. There are multiple other issues to be addressed. Certic team insist that we’d rather consider the blockchain pyramid (a hierarchical model) rather than a trilemma when we talk about blockchain. This may help us form a more holistic view of the blockchain phenomenon and come up with more comprehensive solutions.Delegation Lifecycle
State Machine Diagram - Delegation Statuses (Lifecycle)
Activity Diagram - Delegation transaction made in epoch X
Mina Ledgers
Formula1: Validator Reward Calculation
**BR = CR+TF+SF +(\*SR),** where **BR** - block reward, **CR** - coinbase reward, **TF** - transaction fee, **SF** - snark-work fee, **SR** - supercharged reward.Formula 2: Delegator Reward Calculation
**DR = (BR\*S + (SR)) \* (1-PF),** where **DR** - delegator reward, **BR** - block reward, **S** - shares, **SR** - supercharged reward, **PF** - pool fees.Appendix 1 - Smart Contracts
A **smart contract** is a computer program or a transaction protocol which is intended to automatically execute, control or document legally relevant events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of the need for trusted intermediates, arbitrations and enforcement costs, fraud losses, as well as the reduction of malicious and accidental exceptions. The phrase and concept of smart contracts was developed by Szabo with the goal of bringing what he calls the "highly evolved" practices of contract law and practice to the design of electronic commerce protocols between strangers on the Internet. The first attempts to implement the idea of smart contracts date back to “bit gold“, but the rise of blockchain technology empowered the use of smart contracts on a wider scale. Broadly, the Bitcoin protocol is seen as a weak version of the smart contract concept. Since Bitcoin, various cryptocurrencies have supported scripting languages which allow for more advanced smart contracts between untrusted parties. However, it was not until Etherium brought this concept to common use. Smart contracts are the fundamental building blocks of Ethereum smart contract is a program that runs on the Ethereum blockchain. It's a collection of code (functions) and data ( state) that resides at a specific address on the Ethereum blockchain. Smart contracts are a type of Etherium account. This means they have a balance and they can send transactions over the network. However, they're not controlled by a user, instead, they are deployed to the network and run as programmed. User accounts can then interact with a smart contract by submitting transactions that execute a function defined on the smart contract. Smart contracts can define rules, like a regular contract, and automatically enforce them via code. Smart contracts cannot be deleted by default, and interactions with them are irreversible. In Mina smart contracts are brought to life by the use of ZKapps - an extension of the ZK-proof mechanism for external users. ZKapps use the smart contract logic to execute data validation for various applications, where it’s required to validate data without revealing them.Formula 1: Maximum Number of Transactions
**Tmax=2^(TCL)** where **Tmax** = maximum number of trees, **TCL** = transaction\_capacity\_log\_2Formula 2: Maxium Number of Trees
**Tmax=(TCL+1)\*WD,** where **Tmax** = maximum number of trees, **TCL** = transaction\_capacity\_log\_2, **WD** = work\_delayFormula 3: Maximum Number of Trees
**MNP = 2^(TN/TCL+1)-1,** where **MNP** = max\_number\_of\_proofs, **TN**= number of transactions, **TCL** = transaction\_capacity\_log\_21. Install Mina Ledger app 2. Connect Ledger to the wallet 3. Stake Mina stored on the Ledger using wallet You will find a description of all these steps in the guides below. {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5aZPE8ugxUeWxqpx\_" %} [How to install Mina Ledger app on Ubuntu](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-install-mina-ledger-app-on-ubuntu) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5WWmDfAnnTwGx06mk" %} [How to install Mina Ledger app on Windows](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-install-mina-ledger-app-on-windows) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5brq2IY84xCrZMMlk" %} [How to stake Mina from Clorio browser and desktop wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-clorio-browser-and-desktop-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5eypnKvpaIUGVxR1u" %} [How to stake Mina from Auro browser and mobile wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-auro-browser-and-mobile-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} To check a balance of your Mina account, transaction history, validators data, blocks mining data, time locks stats, rewards stats and calculation, and various charts introducing a comprehensive picture of Mina blockchain, enjoy [Mina block explorer](https://mina.staketab.com/) from Staketab. # How to install Mina Ledger app on Ubuntu 1\. Open Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. You can find a short guide of terminal commands for beginners [here](https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/command-line-for-beginners#3-opening-a-terminal). 2\. Install python3: ``` sudo apt-get install python3 ``` 3\. Install pip3 package-management system: ``` sudo apt-get install python3-pip ``` 4\. Install prerequisite libraries: ``` sudo apt-get install libudev-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev python-dev virtualenv ``` 5\. Install Python tools for Ledger Blue, Nano S and Nano X: ``` sudo pip3 install ledgerblue ``` 6\. Go to a [Ledger App Mina page](https://github.com/jspada/ledger-app-mina/releases)[.](https://github.com/jspada/ledger-app-mina/releases%5D.) You will see a list of Ledger App Mina releases. The current newest version is Ledger App Mina 1.0.2. Click on it. Then scroll down this section to "Assets" subsection at the bottom. Click on `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz` button and download the archive. 7\. In the Terminal command line, go to the directory you just downloaded the archive. If you know how to do this, you don't need to read this point to the end. To do this, go to this directory using the File Explorer, right click on the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz` file and click on the "Properties" option. Go to a "Location" field of a "Basic" tab and double-click on the path you find there. Then copy this path by the right mouse click and "Copy" option or just use "Ctrl+C" keyboard combination. Path is copied to the clipboard. Then go to the Terminal window and paste the path with "cd" (that means "change directory") into the command line. For example, if you downloaded the archive into `/home/cryptain/Downloads/`, your command to enter is the following: ``` cd /home/cryptain/Downloads/ ``` The Terminal will show that you jumped to the `/home/cryptain/Downloads/` directory from the directory you have been previously in. 8\. Get your hash: ``` sha256sum ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz ``` Terminal will show you a table. Copy a set of numbers and letters from the HASH column and paste it to a text file. It is your checksum to verify later that you use correct app. 9\. Go to the Ledger App Mina 1.0.2 page or the release page you have downloaded in the step #6, copy the SHA256 checksum from the bottom column (corresponding to the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz`) and also paste it to your text file to compare these checksums. If they are the same, you use the correct version of the app and feel free to proceed the next step. 10\. Extract the archive. For ease, you can unzip the archive into the same directory as the .tar.gz file. After the extraction, you will see the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c` folder in the directory. You can extact the archive using Archive Manager by double clicking on the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz` and clicking on "Exctract" button or using the Terminal command: ``` tar xvzf ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.tar.gz ``` Then an output is the following: ``` ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c/README.txt ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c/install.sh ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c/uninstall.sh ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c/mina_ledger_wallet ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c/bin/app.hex ``` 11\. Open the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c` directory in the Terminal. To do this, copy the path to this directory and paste it into the Terminal using "cd" command, for instance: ``` cd /home/cryptain/Downloads/ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c ``` 12\. *(optional)* If you installed some version of Mina app before, remove it: ``` ./uninstall.sh ``` 13\. Launch the installation script: ``` ./install.sh ``` 14\. After you receive an output like this: ``` Please unlock your Ledger device and exit any apps (press any key to continue) Generated random root public key : b'04e95715d4813ab98c92833da9b169d3ff6ee11a4f94a465503cc91e77aaea688d45a0449f41bfaa2a1a789730e72d0ace759ca7c2b8a12e82c94cda61530cc363' Using test master key b'04e95715d4813ab98c92833da9b169d3ff6ee11a4f94a465503cc91e77aaea688d45a0449f41bfaa2a1a789730e72d0ace759ca7c2b8a12e82c94cda61530cc363' ``` Your connected Ledger Nano S will show you: ``` < X Deny unsafe manager > ``` Click left until you see an option: ``` < ✓ Allow unsafe manager > ``` 15\. Ledger will show you: ``` < M Install app Mina > ``` Click left until you see an option: ``` < ✓ Perform installation > ``` and select it. Enter your Ledger PIN. 16\. If the installation was successful, you will see the Mina logo among your Ledger apps. Also, the execution in the Terminal will be finished and you will see the opened directory of your Mina app in the Terminal. 17\. Install the command-line Mina wallet: ``` sudo cp ./mina_ledger_wallet /usr/local/bin/ ``` 18\. Now installation of the Ledger is completed, and we need a wallet to stake Mina from. There are four options to do this: 1\) wallet of own node 2\) third-party wallet such as:\ 2.1) Desktop browser wallets (Clorio wallet, Auro wallet),\ 2.2) Linux/Windows/OS X app wallets (Clorio wallet),\ 2.3) Android or iOS app wallets (Staking-Power wallet, Auro wallet). Please choose a wallet you would like to use and follow the corresponding guides below: {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5brq2IY84xCrZMMlk" %} [How to stake Mina from Clorio browser and desktop wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-clorio-browser-and-desktop-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5eypnKvpaIUGVxR1u" %} [How to stake Mina from Auro browser and mobile wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-auro-browser-and-mobile-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} To check a balance of your Mina account, transaction history, validators data, blocks mining data, time locks stats, rewards stats and calculation, and various charts introducing a comprehensive picture of Mina blockchain, enjoy [Mina block explorer](https://mina.staketab.com/) from Staketab. ## Sources 1. [Ledger Hardware wallet -- minaprotocol.com](https://docs.minaprotocol.com/en/advanced/ledger-app-mina#installing-on-windows) 2. [Mina Ledger app setup & staking guide -- Piconbello](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZezT6HHL9yk) # How to install Mina Ledger app on Windows 1\. Download [python](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/python-3.9.1-amd64.exe)[.](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/python-3.9.1-amd64.exe%5D.) 2\. Launch the `python-3.9.1-amd64.exe` file and install python. For fast installation, you can click on "Install now" button in a window after *.exe* installer launch. Then python will be installed to the predefined directory on the system disk. For custom installation directory and options, click on "Customize installation".\ Note: check "Add Python 3.9 to PATH" checkmark at the bottom of an installation welcome screen. 3\. Press "Windows + R" buttons combination, enter `powershell.exe` into the field appeared, then press "Enter". Windows PowerShell window appears. 4\. Paste the following command into the PowerShell command line to download necessary lib: ``` pip3 install ledgerblue ``` 5\. Go to a [Ledger App Mina page](https://github.com/jspada/ledger-app-mina/releases)[.](https://github.com/jspada/ledger-app-mina/releases%5D.) You will see a list of Ledger App Mina releases. The current newest version is Ledger App Mina 1.0.2. Click on it. Then scroll down this section to "Assets" subsection at the bottom. Click on `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.zip` button and download the archive. 6\. In the PowerShell command line, go to the directory you just downloaded the archive. To do this, go to this directory using the File Explorer, right click on the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.zip` file and click on the "Copy as path" option. Path is copied to the clipboard. Then go to the PowerShell window and paste the path with "cd" command before it (that means "change directory") into the command line. For example, if you downloaded the archive into C:\Downloads directory, your command to enter is the following: ``` cd C:\Downloads ``` The PowerShell will show that you jumped to the `C:\Downloads` directory from the directory you have been previously in. For the basic Windows commands, please see this [guide](https://www.digitalcitizen.life/command-prompt-how-use-basic-commands/)[.](https://www.digitalcitizen.life/command-prompt-how-use-basic-commands/%5D.) 7\. Get your hash: ``` Get-FileHash -Path ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.zip ``` PowerShell will show you a table. Copy a set of numbers and letters from the HASH column and paste it to a text file. It is your checksum to verify that you use correct app. 8\. Go to the [Ledger App Mina 1.0.2 page](https://github.com/jspada/ledger-app-mina/releases/tag/v1.0.2) or the release page you have downloaded in the step #5, copy the SHA256 checksum from the bottom column (corresponding to the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.zip`) and also paste it to your text file to compare these checksums. If they are the same, you use the correct version of the app and feel free to proceed the next step. 9\. Go to the directory you have downloaded `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c.zip` and extract the archive. For ease, you can unzip the archive into the same directory as the *.zip* file. After the extraction, you will see the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c` folder in the directory. 10\. Open the `ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c` directory in the PowerShell. To do this, copy the path to this directory and paste it into the PowerShell using "cd" command, for instance: ``` cd C:\Downloads\ledger-app-mina-1.0.2-0-g843e809c ``` 11\. *(optional)* If you installed some version of Mina app before, remove it: ``` python3 -m ledgerblue.deleteApp "--targetId" "0x31100004" "--appName" "Mina" ``` 12\. Install Mina app: ``` python3 -m ledgerblue.loadApp "--path" "44'/12586'" "--appFlags" "0x240" "--tlv" "--targetId" "0x31100004" "--targetVersion=1.6.0" "--delete" "--fileName" "bin/app.hex" "--appName" "Mina" "--appVersion" "1.0.0" "--dataSize" "64" "--icon" "010000000000ffffffffffffffffffeff7c7e393c9b3cdb3cdb3cdb3cdb3cd33cc799effffffffffff" ``` {% hint style="warning" %} If after running the command you encounter an error like: `Python was not found.` You may try to replace `python3` with `py` in the command above. {% endhint %} 13\. After you receive an output like this: ``` Generated random root public key : b'04e95715d4813ab98c92833da9b169d3ff6ee11a4f94a465503cc91e77aaea688d45a0449f41bfaa2a1a789730e72d0ace759ca7c2b8a12e82c94cda61530cc363' Using test master key b'04e95715d4813ab98c92833da9b169d3ff6ee11a4f94a465503cc91e77aaea688d45a0449f41bfaa2a1a789730e72d0ace759ca7c2b8a12e82c94cda61530cc363' ``` your connected Ledger Nano S will show you: ``` < X Deny unsafe manager > ``` Click left until you see an option: ``` < ✓ Allow unsafe manager > ``` Select this option. 14\. Ledger will show you: ``` < M Install app Mina > ``` Click left until you see an option: ``` < ✓ Perform installation > ``` and select it. Enter your Ledger PIN. 15\. If the installation was successful, you will see the Mina logo among your Ledger apps. Also, the execution in the PowerShell will be finished and you will see the opened directory of your Mina app in the PowerShell. 16\. Now installation of the Ledger is completed, and we need a wallet to stake Mina from. There are four options to do this: 1\) wallet of own node 2\) third-party wallet such as:\ 2.1) Desktop browser wallets (Clorio wallet, Auro wallet),\ 2.2) Linux/Windows/OS X app wallets (Clorio wallet),\ 2.3) Android or iOS app wallets (Staking-Power wallet, Auro wallet). Please choose a wallet you would like to use and follow the corresponding guides below: {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5brq2IY84xCrZMMlk" %} [How to stake Mina from Clorio browser and desktop wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-clorio-browser-and-desktop-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Me5eypnKvpaIUGVxR1u" %} [How to stake Mina from Auro browser and mobile wallet using Ledger](/how-to-stake/mina/how-to-stake-mina/using-ledger/how-to-stake-mina-from-auro-browser-and-mobile-wallet-using-ledger) {% endcontent-ref %} To check a balance of your Mina account, transaction history, validators data, blocks mining data, time locks stats, rewards stats and calculation, and various charts introducing a comprehensive picture of Mina blockchain, enjoy [Mina block explorer](https://mina.staketab.com/) from Staketab. ## Sources 1. [Ledger Hardware wallet -- minaprotocol.com](https://docs.minaprotocol.com/en/advanced/ledger-app-mina#installing-on-windows) 2. [Mina Ledger app setup & staking guide -- Piconbello](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZezT6HHL9yk) # How to stake Mina from Clorio browser and desktop wallet using Ledger 1\. Go to [clor.io](https://clor.io/) if you want to use desktop app version of the wallet or go to [mainnet.clor.io](https://mainnet.clor.io/) if you prefer browser version. Clorio wallet does not require installation in the browser as an addon, you just open it in the browser tab. If you choose the browser version, you dont need the 2-5 steps. 2\. Click on "Download" button. 3\. On the GitHub page opened, scroll down to the "Assets" section. 4\. Choose a Clorio wallet version for your OS (*.AppImage* is for Linux, *.dmg* is for macOS, *.zip* is for Windows; if you want to build the wallet yourself, use the Source code archives in the bottom of the section of the GitHub page). How to download and launch Clorio wallet for Windows, Mac OSX and Linux, see [here](https://docs.clor.io/desktop-application/download-clorio-wallet-for-windows-mac-osx-and-linux)[.](https://docs.clor.io/desktop-application/download-clorio-wallet-for-windows-mac-osx-and-linux%5D) 5\. Launch Clorio.  6\. Agree with the Terms of Use to create account and use the wallet. 7\. Click on "Access with Ledger" button. 8\. Connect your Ledger to the computer if it is disconnected, then open Mina app on the Ledger and select "Open application" option. 9\. Check "Ledger connected" checkmark anp click "Continue". If you have several Ledger accounts and want to use a custom one, click on "Click here to select a custom account" and enter a number of the account needed, then click on "Continue". 10\. "Get Address" window will appear on your Ledger screen. Select "Generate" option. 11\. Ledger account address will appear in your Clorio wallet. Select "Generate" option on your Ledger screen. 12\. Click on "Access wallet" in your Clorio wallet. 13\. Click on "Staking Hub" at the left pane. The "Staking Hub" section contains a list of available Mina staking providers.  14\. Choose a staking provider and click on "Delegate" button. If you would like to stake Mina with us, you are welcome to choose [Ducca | StakeTab](http://staketab.com/) provider. 15\. Click on "Confirm" in the Confirm delegation window.  16\. Enter a fee in the "Insert a Fee" window. You can enter it manually or select between "Average" and "Fast" options. 17\. Enter your private key to confirm the delegation.  18\. Sign transaction on your Ledger screen by selecting "Approve" option. 19\. If your delegation was successful, you will see a "Delegation successfully broadcasted" notification in the bottom left corner of the Clorio wallet. To check a balance of your Mina account, transaction history, validators data, blocks mining data, time locks stats, rewards stats and calculation, and various charts introducing a comprehensive picture of Mina blockchain, enjoy [Mina block explorer](https://mina.staketab.com/) from Staketab. # How to stake Mina from Auro browser and mobile wallet using Ledger 1\. Go to [aurowallet.com](http://aurowallet.com/). 2\. Click on “Chrome” or “Firefox” buttons. Alternatively, click on "Download apk", launch *.apk* on your smartphone, install and open it. One more option is to install the wallet from [Google Play.](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.aurowallet.www.aurowallet%5D) If you install the Auro wallet on your smartphone or android emulator, you don't need the steps 3-4. All the steps below are similar for both Browser and Android versions of the wallet. 3\. Click on "Add to Chrome" or "Add to Firefox" button. 4\. Auro wallet icon will appear at the top right corner pane of a browser. Click on it. 5\. Click on "Create account". If you already have one, you can restore it with your mnemonic phrase clicking on "Restore account" (in the Restore case you don't need the 6-12 steps). 6\. Agree with the Terms of Use to create account and use the wallet. 7\. Create the password.  8\. Copy your mnemonic phrase. For example, you can write it on a piece of paper, make a screenshot or copy into a *.txt* file. Please make sure it is stored in a safe place and no one will be able to access. Anyone can use this private key to access your wallet. Two copies of the phrase are usually recommended. Click on "Confirm backup". 9\. Enter the phrase, following the order of the words. Click on "Next", then click on "Start".  10\. Click on the violet box button at the top right corner of the wallet. 11\. Click on the "Ledger" at the bottom right corner. 12\. Connect your Ledger to the computer if it is disconnected, then open Mina app on the Ledger and select "Open application" option. 13\. Click on "Import" button in your Auro wallet. 14\. "Get Address" window will appear on your Ledger screen. Select "Generate" option. 15\. Ledger account address will appear in your Auro wallet. Select "Approve" option on your Ledger screen. 16\. Click on "Staking" button at the bottom center. Then click on "Go to staking".  17\. Enter your Mina staking provider's name or address into the search field. For example, if you want to delegate Mina funds to [StakeTab](https://staketab.com/) provider, enter "StakeTab" or `B62qqV16g8s744GHM6Dph1uhW4fggYwyvtDnVSoRUyYqNvTir3Rqqzx` into the field.  18\. Click on the staking provider name, then click on "Next". Enter a transaction memo (some your comment on transaction that will be saved in the blockchain, optional step) select a transaction fee amount and click "Next".  19\. Check transaction details. If you need to fix something, click on the `x` button at the top right corner and correct the data you entered in the previous steps. If no corrections needed, enjoy "Confirm" button. 20\. Sign transaction on your Ledger screen by selecting "Approve" option. 21\. When the transaction is confirmed in the Mina blockchain, your tokens are delegated to the Mina validator. To check a balance of your Mina account, transaction history, validators data, blocks mining data, time locks stats, rewards stats and calculation, and various charts introducing a comprehensive picture of Mina blockchain, enjoy [Mina block explorer](https://mina.staketab.com/) from Staketab. # OSMOSIS To stake Osmosis, you first need to get it. A fast and convenient way to get OSMO is to buy ATOM on centralized exchange first and then swapp one to OSMO using Osmosis DEX. ATOM is a native token of the Cosmos network as well as OSMO is a native token of the Osmosis network. The guide below shows how to do all of that using [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/) wallet, [OKex](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) centralized exchange and [Osmosis](https://osmosis.zone/) decentralized exchange in sequential order. {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6jtlqbaeMLTZdfFdy" %} [How to install Keplr wallet](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-install-keplr-wallet) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6n08YlsNNK\_LPY2Kl" %} [How to buy ATOM on centralized exchange](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-atom-on-centralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk75\_AvIFFr64Fc-CoL" %} [How to buy Osmosis coins on Osmosis decentralized exchange](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-osmosis-coins-on-osmosis-decentralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk7sfR-Oau1eGs1esMJ" %} [How to stake Osmosis using Keplr wallet](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-stake-osmosis-using-keplr-application) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to install Keplr wallet 1\. Go to [Keplr wallet website](https://www.keplr.app/) using Chrome browser. Unfortunately, other browsers are not supported by Keplr currently.  2\. Click on "Install Keplr" button.  3\. Click on "Add to Chrome" button. Confirm adding to Chrome.  4\. Click on "Extensions" button at the top right corner of Chrome browser and select Keplr.  5\. Copy your mnemonic seed to a safe place. Several backups are recommended, e. g. paper and digital (screenshot or file on private passworded USB) ones.  6\. Set account name and password.  7\. Enter your mnemonic seed. 8\. Keplr account is created successfully.  9\. Pin Keplr to your Chrome browser to make it visible at the Crome panel.  10\. Click on Keplr logo on the Chrome top right panel. Wallet is opened.  11\. Copy your ATOM address by clicking on it. You will deposit ATOM coins to this addres to exchange it for OSMO coins.  12\. Then go to a centalized exchange to buy ATOM tokens. You will find a corresponding guide below ([OKex](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) exchange). # How to buy ATOM on centralized exchange {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6n72r4j7AHg-OOS16" %} [How to buy ATOM on OKX centralized exchange](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-atom-on-centralized-exchange/how-to-buy-atom-on-okex-centralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to buy ATOM on OKX centralized exchange 1\. Sign up or sign in to [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542). OKX (formerly [OKEx](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542)) doesn't have mandatory KYC currently. ## How to deposit funds to OKX 1\. Click on "Assets" tab.  2\. Click on "Deposit" blue button.  3\. Click on "Select currency".  4\. Select an asset you want to deposit by scrolling the list or typing into the field. ATOM is traded in a pair with the USDT stabelcoin (its price equal to the US dollar), so the fastest way to buy ATOM is to make a deposit in USDT. But if you have another asset, you can make a deposit with it. After deposit in this asset, just exchange it into USDT using the [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) terminal. So, there are two subguides below: how to buy ATOM with USDT and how to buy ATOM with another asset. 5\. Select USDT as depositing asset and choose a network: Ethereum (ERC-20), TRON (TRC-20) or OKExChain. Make sure you choose the correct network of your stablecoin to deposit, otherwise the funds just won't come.  6\. Confirm [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) warning. 7\. Copy your USDT address and send your USDT funds to it.  8\. When the USDT funds arrive, click on the three dots in the USDT section of your Funding account, select "Transfer" and move the funds into the Trading account to buy ATOM for USDT.   ## How to buy ATOM with USDT 1\. Go to the Trading account and check your USDT move. Click on "Trade" option, then select "Basic trading".   2\. Terminal is opened. Click on the "BTC/USDT" option and enter "ATOM" into an asset search field.   3\. In the ATOM/USDT window of the terminal, click on the "Market" option. This provides the option to buy ATOM quickly and at the market price.  4\. When Market section is opened, enter an amount of USDT for which you want to buy ATOM.  5\. Click "Buy" button. 6\. Confirm your order. Check filling of your order in the Order history section at the bottom of the terminal.   ## How to buy ATOM depositing another asset To buy ATOM with another asset (e. g. BTC, ETH, XRP, MATIC), you need to deposit this asset first the same way you deposit USDT, then exchange the asset to the USDT and then exchange USDT for ATOM.  ## How to withdraw ATOM from OKX 1\. Get back to your trading account and check the ATOM balance. To withdraw ATOM to the external wallet, click on the three dots in the "Action" column of your Trading account, select "Transfer" and move the ATOM funds into your Funding account.    When transfer is successful, the balance of your Trading account will be reduced by the amount you moved to the Funding account. 3\. Click on the three dots in the ATOM section of your Funding account and select "Withdraw" option.  4\. Enter your [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/) wallet address or another wallet address you want to stake from, enter a custom address title (optional) and amount of ATOM you want to withdraw. You can enter small amount of ATOM first to be ensured that the withdrawal operates fine, then to withdraw remaining major part of your ATOM.  5\. Enter your funds password, e-mail verification and sms code you set up at the time of registration, then click confirm button.  6\. When your withdrawal request is approved by [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542), you will receive your ATOM to your external wallet. # How to buy Osmosis coins on Osmosis decentralized exchange 1\. Go to the [Osmosis decentralized exchange website](https://app.osmosis.zone/). 2\. Accept Osmosis disclaimer.   3\. Connect your [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/) wallet to the exchange. If [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/) wallet window doesn't appear automatically, click on the Keplr button in the Chrome's top right corner and enter your password. How to install Keplr wallet, please see [here](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-install-keplr-wallet).   4\. Go to "Assets" section of the Osmosis exchange.  5\. Click on "Deposit" button in "Cosmos Hub - ATOM" row. How to buy ATOM and withdraw it to your Keplr wallet, please see [here](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-atom-on-centralized-exchange).  6\. Enter an amount of ATOM you want to deposit to the Osmosis exchange. Keep in mind that you need to leave some ATOM in your Keplr wallet for transaction fees in the Cosmos network. Cosmos gas fees vary from from 0.0005 ATOM (low speed) to 0.02 ATOM (high speed) per one transaction. How to buy ATOM and withdraw it to your Keplr wallet, please see [here](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-atom-on-centralized-exchange).   7\. Select the gas fee and confirm your deposit in the Keplr wallet. Transaction time for low gas fee is usually 20-60 seconds.   8\. Wait until your transaction is processed. You may find details of your transaction in [Mintscan block explorer](https://www.mintscan.io/osmosis) by following the link in "Transaction Hash" column of the Osmosis exchange.   9\. If transaction is successfull, you will see your ATOM deposited assets at the top of the exchange user interface.  10\. To exchange your ATOM coins to OSMO ones, go to "Trade" section and select corresponding tokens in the top and bottom rows.  11\. Enter an amount of ATOM you want to swap and click on "Swap" button.  12\. If the swap is successful, you will see your OSMO coins in the Keplr wallet.   # How to stake Osmosis using Keplr wallet 1\. Go to Keplr app website.  2\. Connect your Keplr wallet by entering a password.  3\. Go to "Osmosis --> Stake" section on the left pane.  4\. Choose a validator from the list and click "Manage".  5\. Enter amount of OSMO to delegate and click "Delegate"  # SIFCHAIN Coin overview ## What is Sifchain coin? Sifchain coin (ROWAN) is a native coin of a Sifchain blockchain. Sifchain is a crtoss-chain decentralized exchange that is planned to support cross-chain transactions for 20-25 of the top blockchains such as Bitcoin, Binance Smart Chain, Polkadot and EOS. Sifchain is built with the Cosmos SDK that allows to make transactions much more faster, cheaper and sustainable than for example Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain DEX swaps. At short, faster trades and lower fees. ## What is the difference between EROWAN and ROWAN tokens? These tokens are both Sifchain with equal price but EROWAN is a Sifchain token equivalent in Ethereum ecosystem whereas ROWAN is a native token of Sifchain blockchain belonging to the Cosmos ecosystem. EROWAN was created because Sifchain blockchain was unde design and development during firs token distribution among early Sifchain investors. In order to stake Sifchain, you need to buy it on Sifchain DEX or Ascendex centralized exchange. Alternative way to get it is to buy EROWAN on Uniswap or some centralized exchange and then convert it to ROWAN token of Sifchain blockchain. ## How to buy Sifchain (ROWAN)? You can buy Sifchain (ROWAN) coin on the following decentralized exchange: * [Sifchain](https://dex.sifchain.finance/) Alternative way is to use Ascendex centralized exchange: * [Ascendex](https://ascendex.com/en/cashtrade-spottrading/usdt/rowan) ## How to buy Sifchain (EROWAN)? You can buy Sifchain (EROWAN) coin on the following decentralized exchanges: * [Uniswap](https://app.uniswap.org/#/swap?outputCurrency=0x07bac35846e5ed502aa91adf6a9e7aa210f2dcbe) * [Quickswap](#title-text) Alternative way is to use AEX centralized exchange: * [AEX](https://www.aex.com/page/m_regist.html#/?invite_code=885633\&invite_type=10) Note that you need to convert your EROWAN ERC20 token to ROWAN token of Cosmos ecosystem. ## How to convert your EROWAN ERC20 token to ROWAN token of Cosmos ecosystem? * [How to convert EROWAN to ROWAN](https://docs.sifchain.finance/resources/sifchain-dex-ui#peg-assets-into-sifchain-tutorial) ## How to stake Sifchain (ROWAN)? To stake ROWAN, you need to install Cosmostation wallet ([Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=wannabit.io.cosmostaion), [AppStore](https://apps.apple.com/kr/app/cosmostation/id1459830339), [APKCombo downloader](https://apkcombo.com/cosmostation-wallet-for-cosmos/wannabit.io.cosmostaion/)) or Keplr wallet ([Browser wallet](https://www.keplr.app/)), deposit one with ROWAN coins and delegate it to a validator using the wallet. How to do this using Cosmostation wallet, please see in the guide below: {% content-ref url="/pages/I5sQnvk3UTCDthV2vPrQ" %} [How to stake Sifchain](/how-to-stake/sifchain/how-to-stake-sifchain) {% endcontent-ref %} How to install Keplr wallet, please see the guide below: {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6jtlqbaeMLTZdfFdy" %} [How to install Keplr wallet](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-install-keplr-wallet) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Useful links * [Staketab staking FAQ](https://staketab.com/) * [Sifchain website](https://sifchain.finance/) * [Sifchain Telegram channel](https://t.me/sifchainann) * [Sifchain Telegram Chat](https://t.me/sifchain) * [Sifchain Twitter](https://twitter.com/sifchain) * [EROWAN coin information](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/sifchain) -- Coingecko * [Sifchain ICO review](https://cryptorank.io/ico/medibloc) -- Cryptorank # How to stake Sifchain ## How to create Sifchain (ROWAN) wallet in the Cosmostation app 1\. Create Sifchain wallet inside Cosmostation app. If you launch your Cosmostation app first time, follow these steps: 1.1. Tap *Create* and choose a coin for which you want to create the wallet.  1.2. Tap *Show mnemonic*, write down your mnemonic (it is recommended to store one in a private place only you have access to as well as to use several places and storages, e. g. passworded USB and paper ones), enter your mnemonic into the fields in sequential order to confirm you have written down it successfully. 1.3. Set up your PIN (the PIN is the only one for the Cosmostation app, so you set up this once and will use it for creation of wallets for other coins in the Cosmostation app) and get your personal Sifchain (ROWAN) wallet.   2\. If you already have a wallet for some another coin in Cosmostation app and want to add the wallet for Sifchain (ROWAN) coin, then follow these steps: 2.1. Go to *Settings* at the bottom right*.* 2.2. Tap *Add new wallet.*  2.3. Tap on *Sifchain* in the coins list, then tap *Create* option.  2.5. Tap *Show mnemonic*, write down your mnemonic (it is recommended to store one in a private place only you have access to as well as to use several places and storages, e. g. passworded USB and paper ones), enter your mnemonic into the fields in sequential order to confirm you have written down it successfully. 2.6. Enter your PIN to confirm wallet creation (the PIN is the only one for the Cosmostation app, so you set up this once and will use it for creation of wallets for other coins in the Cosmostation app) and get your personal Sifchain (ROWAN) wallet.  ## How to stake Stargaze using Cosmostation app 1\. Tap on *Delegate* button in the Sifchain wallet*,* then tap on *Top* central tab.  3\. Choose a staking provider and tap on it. If you would like to stake Sifchain with us, you are welcome to choose [Staketab](https://staketab.com/) provider. Tap on *Delegate.*  5\. Enter the amount of ROWAN you want to delegate, select a transaction fee, confirm transaction details and enter your PIN. **Tip:** You can switch between your wallets by tapping *Switch* button at the top right and selecting desired wallet.  # SOLANA You can find detailed guides how to buy and stake Solana below. After successful tokens delegation, no further actions is needed. Just wait for your rewards from now. You will receive your first Solana rewards from staking in after new epoch in the Solana blockcahin starts since your delegation. The epoch in Solana blockchain is approximately two days. {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mfx8kbshUoz1gSnkj37" %} [How to buy Solana on centralized exchange](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-buy-solana-on-centralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MfxIDqVO7GGnv3WVIs-" %} [How to stake Solana](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-stake-solana) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to buy Solana on centralized exchange To stake Solana, you first need to get it. A fast and convenient way is to get SOL on centralized exchange. So you need to deposit assets to some centralized exchange, buy SOL using exchange's terminal and withdraw SOL to a wallet from which you will delegate your tokens into staking. The guide below show how to do all of that using [OKEx](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) centralized exchange. {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mfx90O0C3AWpjuxIXVD" %} [How to buy Solana on OKX centralized exchange](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-buy-solana-on-centralized-exchange/how-to-buy-solana-on-okex.com-centralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to buy Solana on OKX centralized exchange ## How to create OKX account 1\. Sign up to [OKX website](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542). 2\. Create an OKX account. OKX (formerely OKEx) doesn't have mandatory KYC at the moment.  ## How to deposit funds to OKX 1\. Click on "Assets" tab.  2\. Click on "Deposit" blue button.  3\. Click on "Select currency".  4\. Select an asset you want to deposit by scrolling the list or typing into the field. Solana is traded in a pair with the stabelcoin USDT, so the fastest way to buy it is to make a deposit in USDT. But if you have another asset, you can make a deposit with it, then exchange it into USDT using the [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) terminal. There are two subguides below: how to buy SOL with USDT and how to buy SOL with another asset. ## How to buy SOL with USDT 1\. Select USDT as depositing asset and choose a network: Ethereum (ERC-20), TRON (TRC-20) or OKExChain. Make sure you choose the network that transfers your stabelcoin, otherwise the funds just won't come.  2\. Confirm [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542) warning.  3\. Copy your USDT address and send your USDT funds to it.  4\. When the USDT funds arrive, click on the three dots in the USDT section of your Funding account, select "Transfer" and move the funds into the Trading account to buy Solana for USDT. 5\. Go to the Trading account and click on "Trade" blue button.  6\. Click on the "BTC/USDT" option and enter "SOL" into an asset search field.  7\. In the SOL/USDT window of the terminal, click on the "Market" option. This provides the option to buy SOL quickly and at market price.  8\. When Market section is opened, enter an amount of USDT for wich you want to buy SOL.   9\. Click "Buy" button. Check filling of your order in the Order history section at the bottom of the terminal. ## How to buy SOL depositing another asset To buy SOL with another asset (e. g. BTC, ETH, XRP, MATIC), you need to deposit this asset first the same way you deposit USDT, then exchange an asset to the USDT and exchange USDT for SOL.  ## How to withdraw SOL from OKX 1\. Get back to your trading account and check the SOL balance. To withdraw SOL to the external wallet, click on the three dots in the "Action" column of your Trading account, select "Transfer" and move the funds into the Funding account to withdraw Solana to the external wallet and then stake.  2\. Enter the amount you want to transfer into the "Amount" field. Click on "Transfer all" if you want to withdraw all your Solana from the exchange.  When transfer is successful, the balance of your Trading account will be reduced by the amount you moved to the Funding account.  3\. Click on the three dots in the SOL section of your Funding account and select "Withdraw" option.  4\. Enter your [SolFlare](https://solflare.com) wallet address or another wallet address you want to stake from, enter a custom address title (optional) and amount of SOL you want to withdraw. You can enter small amount of SOL first to be ensured that the withdrawal operates fine, then to withdraw remaining major part of SOL.   5\. Enter your funds password, e-mail verification and sms codes you set up at the time of registration, then click confirm button.  6\. When your withdrawal request is approved by [OKX](https://www.okex.com/join/2995542), you will receive your SOL to your external wallet. {% content-ref url="/pages/-MfxIDqVO7GGnv3WVIs-" %} [How to stake Solana](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-stake-solana) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to stake Solana {% content-ref url="/pages/-MfxIjRo3PGLesc6nY5m" %} [How to stake Solana using SolFlare browser wallet](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-stake-solana/how-to-stake-solana-using-solflare-browser-wallet) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MfxMyEx77w20EnSqZ\_G" %} [How to stake Solana using Ledger and SolFlare browser wallet](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-stake-solana/how-to-stake-solana-using-ledger-and-solflare-browser-wallet) {% endcontent-ref %} # How to stake Solana using SolFlare browser wallet 1\. Go to [solflare.com](https://solflare.com) website.  2\. Click on "Create a wallet". If you want to stake with Ledger, please see the [corresponding guide](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-stake-solana/how-to-stake-solana-using-ledger-and-solflare-browser-wallet).  3\. Keep "Using Keystore File" tab open and click "Next".  4\. Set a solid password and click "Next".  5\. Check a checkmark below the "DOWNLOAD KEYSTORE FILE" caption and click on blue button to the right of the caption. Save the keystore file to a location only you have an access. For security enhancing, store the file in two places on different devices. There is no way to access the wallet without this file.  6\. Click on the blue button to the right of "UPLOAD KEYSTORE FILE" caption and upload the file.  7\. After the keystore file is verified, click on "Finish".  8\. Click on "Access" on the Access Wallet screen.  9\. The wallet is opened. Click on the button to the right of your SOL address section to copy one.  10\. Deposit SOL funds you want to stake to this address. You may deposit small amount of funds first to be ensured that everything is fine, and then to deposit remaining part. How to make a deposit from the balance of a centralized exchange, please see the [corresponding guide](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-buy-solana-on-centralized-exchange/how-to-buy-solana-on-okex.com-centralized-exchange).  11\. After successful deposit, you will see your SOL funds in the "Balance" section.  12\. Click on "Get started" at the bottom of screen.  13\. Enter an amount of SOL funds you want to stake. Keep in mind that you need a small amount of Solana to cover the cost of fees. The fee per transaction ranges from about 0.000005 SOL to 0.01 SOL. If you do not intend to use the wallet much, 0.1 SOL for fees is enough.  14\. Enter the password to confirm transfer of the funds to staking account.   15\. Following the transaction confirmation window, the account creation confirmation window will appear.  16\. To check the transaction details in the [block explorer](https://solanabeach.io/), click on "View Details". Or just click on "Finish" to get back into your wallet.  17\. The balance of your wallet is reduced because of funds transfer to staking account. Click on "Staking" on the top pane.  18\. You can observe your funds for staking in the "Your staking accounts" section. To delegate funds, click on "DELEGATE NOW".  19\. Enter your validator's title into the search field. If you would like to stake Mina with us, you are welcome to choose [Staketab](https://staketab.com) provider.  20\. When the validator's logo and title appears below the search field, click on it. The green checkmark will light up. Then click on "Next".  21\. Confirm delegation with your password.    22\. When delegation is successful, notification window will appear. Your delegation will become active with the start of a new epoch in the Solana blockchain. The epoch in Solana blockchain is approximately two days. You can check how much time is remaining until the new epoch on the main page of the [blockchain explorer](https://solanabeach.io).  # How to stake Solana using Ledger and SolFlare browser wallet 1\. Go to [solflare.com](https://solflare.com) website.  2\. Click on "Create a wallet".  3\. Open "Using Ledger Nano S | Nano X" tab and click "Next".  4\. Select a derivation path.  5\. Connect your Ledger hardware wallet to PC and authorize it.  6\. Select a SOL address of your Ledger from whish you want to delegate your Solana funds. Then click on "Access". 7\. The wallet is opened. Click on the button to the right of your SOL address section to copy one.  8\. Deposit SOL funds you want to stake to this address. You may deposit small amount of funds first to be ensured that everything is fine, and then to deposit remaining part. How to make a deposit from the balance of a centralized exchange, please see the [corresponding guide](/how-to-stake/solana/how-to-buy-solana-on-centralized-exchange/how-to-buy-solana-on-okex.com-centralized-exchange).  9\. After successful deposit, you will see your SOL funds in the "Balance" section.  10\. Click on "Get started" at the bottom of screen.  11\. Enter an amount of SOL funds you want to stake. Keep in mind that you need a small amount of Solana to cover the cost of fees. The fee per transaction ranges from about 0.000005 SOL to 0.01 SOL. If you do not intend to use the wallet much, 0.1 SOL for fees is enough. 12\. Confirm the transaction on your Ledger.   13\. Following the transaction confirmation window, the account creation confirmation window will appear.  14\. To check the transaction details in the [block explorer](https://solanabeach.io/), click on "View Details". Or just click on "Finish" to get back into your wallet.  15\. The balance of your wallet is reduced because of funds transfer to staking account. Click on "Staking" on the top pane.  16\. You can observe your funds for staking in the "Your staking accounts" section. To select a validator to which you will delegate SOL funds, scroll down and check "Validators" section. 17\. To delegate funds, click on "DELEGATE NOW" in the "Your staking accounts" section.  18\. Enter your validator's title into the search field. If you would like to stake Mina with us, you are welcome to choose [Staketab](https://staketab.com) provider.  19\. When the validator's logo and title appears below the search field, click on it. The green checkmark will light up. Then click on "Next". 20\. Confirm delegation on your Ledger.   21\. When delegation is successful, notification window will appear. Your delegation will become active with the start of a new epoch in the Solana blockchain. The epoch in Solana blockchain is approximately two days. You can check how much time is remaining until the new epoch on the main page of the [blockchain explorer](https://solanabeach.io).  # STARGAZE Coin overview ## What is Stargaze? Stargaze coin (STARS) is a native coin of a Stargaze blockchain. The purpose of the project is to launch one of the first NFT marketplaces in the Cosmos ecosystem. ## How to buy Stargaze? STARS are distributed between Cosmos ecosystem participants, community members and Stargaze validators. More details about Stargaze project roadmap you can find here: * [STARS Token Distribution and Airdrop](https://mirror.xyz/stargazezone.eth/h9Bc7jODUrYB1Jw4mve3QEGVkBwBsyVebN6NP7tRl_Y) To buy STARS, go to Osmosis decentralized exchange, and swap some Cosmos ecosystem coin (e. g. OSMO coin or UST stablecoin) for STARS.  How to use Osmosis decentralized exchange, please follow these guides: {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6jtlqbaeMLTZdfFdy" %} [How to install Keplr wallet](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-install-keplr-wallet) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk75\_AvIFFr64Fc-CoL" %} [How to buy Osmosis coins on Osmosis decentralized exchange](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-osmosis-coins-on-osmosis-decentralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-Mk6n72r4j7AHg-OOS16" %} [How to buy ATOM on OKX centralized exchange](/how-to-stake/osmosis/how-to-buy-atom-on-centralized-exchange/how-to-buy-atom-on-okex-centralized-exchange) {% endcontent-ref %} ## How to claim Stargaze airdrop? {% content-ref url="/pages/UBHPwiTxgd2VcrIsnrJ6" %} [How to claim Stargaze airdrop](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-claim-stargaze-airdrop) {% endcontent-ref %} ## How to stake Stargaze? To stake STARS, you need to install [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/) or Cosmostation wallet ([Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=wannabit.io.cosmostaion), [AppStore](https://apps.apple.com/kr/app/cosmostation/id1459830339), [APKCombo downloader](https://apkcombo.com/cosmostation-wallet-for-cosmos/wannabit.io.cosmostaion/)), deposit one with STARS coins and delegate it to a validator using the wallet. How to do this, please see in the guide below. {% content-ref url="/pages/zCS4eZXyPzKBPsMduq2i" %} [How to stake Stargaze using Keplr](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-stake-stargaze-using-keplr) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/e3LRougx7rP5ReoTgM4Q" %} [How to stake Stargaze using Cosmostation](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-stake-stargaze-using-cosmostation) {% endcontent-ref %} ## How to vote on stargaze.zone? {% content-ref url="/pages/CfspMRlEldOUqXnoAXBX" %} [How to vote on stargaze.zone](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-vote-on-stargaze.zone) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Useful links * [Staketab staking FAQ](https://staketab.com/) * [Stargaze website](https://stargaze.zone/) * [Stargaze Block Explorer](https://www.mintscan.io/stargaze) -- Mintscan * [Stargaze Telegram channel](https://t.me/stargazenews) * [Stargaze Telegram chat](https://t.me/stargazezone) * [Stargaze Twitter](https://twitter.com/stargazezone) # How to claim Stargaze airdrop Airdrop claiming guide If you are staker of ATOM, OSMO or OSMO Liquidity pools participant, you can pretend on STARS airdrop. Snapshot was taken on Oct 11th, 2021. The minimum requirements for the airdrop eligibility are: * **ATOM staker: 5 ATOM minimum staked** * **OSMO staker: 50 OSMO minimum staked** Of course, delegations to centralized exchange validators are not considered. If you meet both of requirements, you will double your airdrop allocation. ## How to claim 1\. Go to [stargaze.zone/airdrop](https://stargaze.zone/airdrop) webpage, enter your ATOM or OSMO wallet address, hit "Check" button.  If you are eligible, you will see your allocation.  2\. Go to [app.stargaze.zone/airdrop](https://app.stargaze.zone/airdrop).  3\. Click "Connect wallet" button at the top right corner. Enter your Keplr password in the extension window appeared.  4\. Go to "Mission #1" section and click on "Claim" button. 20% of your allocation will be deposited to your STARS address.  ### Insufficient fee case If you claimed your 20% of your allocation successfully, go to step #5. If you faced with insufficient fee Keplr window, ask someone to send some STARS funds to your address (0.1 STARS is enough) or follow the next steps: Go to osmosis.zone decentralized exchange and swap some coin to STARS, e. g. OSMO. How to use osmosis.zone, please see the guides in OSMOSIS section at the left pane.   Check your STARS balance at the button of your OSMO wallet. It will be shown as token.  Now you need to withdraw your STARS to your STARS wallet. To do this, go to "Assets" section at the left pane of osmosis.zone, find Stargaze row and click on "Withdraw" button.  Click "Max" to withdraw all Stargaze, then click on "Withdraw".  Check your STARS balance in your Sargaze wallet. It is enough for claim and staking fees now.   ### How to claim airdrop -- continue 5\. When Mission #1 for the step #4 is completed, check your Stargaze wallet balance.  6\. Go to Mission #2 section and click "Stake" button". You will be redirected to [stake.stargaze.zone](https://stake.stargaze.zone) web staking interface. How to stake Stargaze there, please see the following guide: {% content-ref url="/pages/zCS4eZXyPzKBPsMduq2i" %} [How to stake Stargaze using Keplr](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-stake-stargaze-using-keplr) {% endcontent-ref %} 7\. Go to mission #3 section and click on "Vote" button.  How to vote on stargaze.zone, please see the following guide: {% content-ref url="/pages/CfspMRlEldOUqXnoAXBX" %} [How to vote on stargaze.zone](/how-to-stake/stargaze/how-to-vote-on-stargaze.zone) {% endcontent-ref %} Missions #4 and # will be open at NFT market launch.  # How to stake Stargaze using Keplr 1\. Go to [stake.stargaze.zone](https://stake.stargaze.zone) web staking interface.  2\. Connect your Keplr wallet to the interface clicking on "Connect" button.  3\. Choose preferred staking provider and clk "Delegate" button. If you would like to stake Mina with us, you are welcome to choose Staketab provider.  4\. Approve connection and enter an amount of STARS tokens you will delegate to a staking provider.   5\. Click on "Delegate" button.  # How to stake Stargaze using Cosmostation ## How to create Stargaze (STARS) wallet in the Cosmostation app 1\. Create Stargaze wallet inside Cosmostation app. If you launch your Cosmostation app first time, follow these steps: 1.1. Tap *Create* and choose a coin for which you want to create the wallet.  1.2. Tap *Show mnemonic*, write down your mnemonic (it is recommended to store one in a private place only you have access to as well as to use several places and storages, e. g. passworded USB and paper ones), enter your mnemonic into the fields in sequential order to confirm you have written down it successfully. 1.3. Set up your PIN (the PIN is the only one for the Cosmostation app, so you set up this once and will use it for creation of wallets for other coins in the Cosmostation app) and get your personal Stargaze (STARS) wallet.   2\. If you already have a wallet for some another coin in Cosmostation app and want to add the wallet for Stargaze (STARS) coin, then follow these steps: 2.1. Go to *Settings* at the bottom right*.* 2.2. Tap *Add new wallet.*  2.3. Tap on *Stargaze* in the coins list, then tap *Create* option.  2.4. Tap *Show mnemonic*, write down your mnemonic (it is recommended to store one in a private place only you have access to as well as to use several places and storages, e. g. passworded USB and paper ones), enter your mnemonic into the fields in sequential order to confirm you have written down it successfully. 2.5. Enter your PIN to confirm wallet creation (the PIN is the only one for the Cosmostation app, so you set up this once and will use it for creation of wallets for other coins in the Cosmostation app) and get your personal Stargaze (STARS) wallet.  ## How to stake Stargaze using Cosmostation app 1\. Tap on Delegate button in the Stargaze wallet*,* tap on *Top* central tab.  3\. Choose a staking provider and tap on it. If you would like to stake Stargaze with us, you are welcome to choose [Staketab](https://staketab.com/) provider. Tap on *Delegate.*  5\. Enter the amount of STARS you want to delegate, select a transaction fee, confirm transaction details and enter your PIN.  {% hint style="info" %} You can switch between your wallets by tapping *Switch* button at the top right and selecting desired wallet. {% endhint %}  # How to vote on stargaze.zone 1\. Go to [stake.stargaze.zone](https://stake.stargaze.zone) web staking interface and click on "Proposals" tab. 2\. Choose a voting you want to participate in. For example, we are voting for Misson #3.  2\. Click on "Vote" button, read the voting description.  3\. Choose your vote and confirm your choice.  